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This article is the society of man.

A civilization is a society or culture group normally defined as a complex society characterized by the practice of agriculture and settlement in cities. In comparison with other cultures, members of a civilization is generally organized into a diverse division of labor and a complex hierarchy of office.

Definition

The civilization is often used synonymously with the broader term "culture" in both popular and academic circles. Every human being participates in a culture, defined as "the arts, customs, habits ... beliefs, values, behaviors and habits that constitute the matter of how a people of life. "However, in its most widely used definition, civilization is a descriptive term for a culture relatively complex agricultural and urban areas. Civilizations can be distinguished from other cultures by their high level of social complexity and organization, and the diversity of their cultural and economic activities.

In an old but still commonly used sense, the term "civilization" can be used in a normative way: In social contexts where complex and urban cultures are supposed to be superior to other "savage" or "barbarian" cultures, the concept of 'civilization' is used synonymously with "culture (and often ethical) the superiority of certain groups." In the same sense, civilization can mean "refinement of thought, manners, or taste.

In his book The Philosophy of Civilization, Albert Schweitzer, a leading philosophers on the concept of civilization, introduced the idea that there are two views within society, a civilization on the purely physical and another civilization with respect to both moral and material. He said that the current global crisis has been, then in 1923, because of humanity has lost the ethical civilization. In this same book, he defines civilization, saying:

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It is the sum of all human progress in all areas and all points of view in that progress towards the spiritual development of individuals with the progress of all progress.

In the sixth century, the Roman Emperor Justinian oversaw the consolidation of Roman civil law. The resulting collection is called the Corpus Juris Civilis. In the 11th century, professors of the University of Bologna, the first university in Western Europe, rediscovered Corpus Juris Civilis, and its influence has begun to be felt in Western Europe. In 1388, the word civil appeared in English meaning "of or relating to citizens." In 1704, civilization began to say "a law that makes criminal proceedings in a civil case." Civilization has not been used in its modern sense to mean "the opposite of barbarism" - as opposed to civility, politeness and sense of civic virtue - until the 18th century.

According to Emile Benveniste (1954), the earliest was written in English crash of civilization in its modern sense can be found in Adam Ferguson An Essay on History of Civil Society (Edinburgh, 1767 - p.2):

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Not only individual progress from childhood to adulthood, but the species itself from rudeness to civilization.

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It should be noted that this use includes the notion of superiority and maturity of civilized existence as opposed to "rudeness", which is used to describe the coarseness, as in a lack of refinement or "civility" .

Before applications Benveniste, New English Dictionary quoted conversation with Samuel Johnson James Boswell on the inclusion of Civilization in Johnson's Dictionary:

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Monday, March 23 (1772), I found him busy, preparing a fourth edition of his folio Dictionary ... He would not admit civilization, but only civility. In deference to him, I think civilization from to civilize, better in the opposite direction to the barbarism of civility, as it is better to have a DIS.